Rehabilitación multidisciplinaria integral para el trastorno del espectro autista
Palabras clave:
trastorno del espectro autista, comorbilidad, rehabilitaciónResumen
La revisión analiza la necesidad de superar el abordaje sintomático convencional en el trastorno del espectro autista para adoptar un modelo de atención integral y multidisciplinario, que integre, junto con las intervenciones conductuales y educativas con mayor evidencia, el manejo de las comorbilidades médicas y psiquiátricas con frecuencia subestimadas, que contribuyen de forma significativa a la discapacidad global. Por este motivo, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Redalyc, Elsevier, Infomed y Medscape, complementada con consultas en el sitio del Ministerio de Salud Pública de la República de Cuba y en repositorios especializados, en los que se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 que abordaban intervenciones en todas las áreas del desarrollo y la salud. Los hallazgos revelaron que las intervenciones centradas exclusivamente en los síntomas nucleares resultaron insuficientes, al omitir afecciones coexistentes que impactan profundamente en la funcionalidad, mientras que la evidencia sustentó que un enfoque multimodal e intensivo implementado de manera temprana puede mitigar la sintomatología central y el impacto discapacitante de dichas comorbilidades. Para concluir que la principal barrera para implementar este óptimo paradigma radica en sus costos asociados, y plantea una disyuntiva crítica entre la efectividad clínica y la viabilidad económica de los sistemas de salud.
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